• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2019-12-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To date, several reports have suggested an involvement of DGK in bipolar disorder. A splice variant at the COOH-terminus of DGKβ has been related to bipolar disorder [15] and DGKβ KO mice showed hyperactive behavior [17]. For the other DGK isoforms,

• The corticotropin releasing factor CRF also referred to as c

  2019-12-10

  

  The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) also referred to as corticotropin-releasing hormone, is a key mediator of mammalian endocrine, behavioral, autonomic, and immune responses to stress (Vale et al., 1981, Owens and Nemeroff, 1991, Bale and Vale, 2004). Within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal

• We have previously reported that CK is downregulated in

  2019-12-10

  

  We have previously reported that CK2 is downregulated in senescent human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells, aged rat tissues, and aging nematodes [17,18]. CK2 downregulation induces cellular senescence via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-reactive oxygen species-p53-p21Cip1/WAF1 pathway in human cells [[19], [20], [21]

• Iris domestica L Goldblatt Mabb

  2019-12-10

  

  Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb. (syn. Belamcanda chinensis L.) DC. (Iridaceae) occurs naturally in South and East Asia. Despite the fact that former monotypic genus Belamcanda has been included in the extended genus Iris, this classification has been questioned (Wilson, 2011; Mavrodiev et al.,

• One possible pitfall of using EPAC

  2019-12-10

  

  One possible pitfall of using EPAC2 activators in the treatment of T2DM is their potential to increase glucagon levels. As discussed previously, although the ability of EPAC2 to increase glucagon expression and production is controversial, several studies show that this protein increases Gcg mRNA le

• br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways i

  2019-12-10

  

  DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle Ro 3306 (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ERK activa

• Itch also known as astrophin interacting protein AIP is a

  2019-12-10

  

  Itch, also known as astrophin-1 interacting protein-4 (AIP4), is a HECT domain-E3 ligase. It was discovered in 1998 in mouse coat color genetic studies which displayed the disruption caused by the Itch gene inducing a lethal autoimmune inflammatory condition. The substrates of Itch are transmembrane

• Crystallographic and NMR based analyses have revealed that R

  2019-12-10

  

  Crystallographic and NMR-based analyses have revealed that RINGs and U-boxes have a common mode of interaction with E2s (Fig. 2A). The key structural elements are two loop-like regions, which, in the case of RINGs, coordinate Zn. The loops surround a shallow groove formed by the central α-helix. Tog

• In the context of E ligase drug discovery it

  2019-12-10

  

  In the context of E3 ligase drug discovery, it is critical to identify the appropriate E2/E3 substrate pairing to ensure the development and use of the most physiologically relevant screening assay. There have been many reports of limited E2/E3 activity profiling with a small number of E2 and E3 Top

• Introduction Cholesterol plays a pivotal role

  2019-12-10

  

  Introduction Cholesterol plays a pivotal role as a constituent of biological membranes and as a precursor for vitamins, hormones and bile acids. Accordingly, its production, distribution, and elimination must be tightly regulated at the cellular and organismal level. Accordingly, dysregulated chole

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2019-12-09

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Uwe Knippschild and Martin Wabitsch (SFB 1149/B4). P. Fischer-Posovszky is funded by a Margarete von Wrangell scholarship financed by the Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württem

• br Nuclear estrogen receptors Indirect genomic signaling As

  2019-12-09

  

  Nuclear estrogen receptors: Indirect genomic signaling As mentioned earlier, the transcription of several genes that do not contain EREs in their promoter regions can also be regulated by estradiol, without direct binding of the estrogen receptors to the DNA. According to the most recent reports,

• br Physiological roles for EPAC isoforms vascular

  2019-12-09

  

  Physiological roles for EPAC isoforms: vascular function The effects of cAMP on limiting vascular endothelial cell (VEC) inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation have been well documented 36, 37, 38. However, recent work has demonstrated that several key effects of cAMP i

• The MOF system described by Farha

  2019-12-09

  

  The MOF system described by Farha and coworkers combines rational design of the support and good experimental results regarding activity and stability. However, a further increase in the speed of enzyme loading into the MOF and a decrease in leaching are still required. How can the design rules prop

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-12-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Innate immunity plays an essential role in the control and elimination of bacterial infection through production of inflammatory cytokines (Liu et al., 2015). Production of inflammatory cytokines requires the recognition of bacterial pathogen-associa

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