• Because AM had limited efficacy on rodent GPR we

  2022-04-18

  

  Because (AM-3189) had limited efficacy on rodent GPR40, we used two rodent models expressing human GPR40 to demonstrate efficacy of (AM-3189). First, we used human islet transplanted nude mice. In this model, endogenous pancreatic β-cells were ablated using streptozotocin, and mice were rescued to

• br WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety

  2022-04-18

  

  WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety of GluR types that have both physiological and pathophysiological significance [87]. Non-NMDA GluR are also expressed in WM astrocytes [40], although the functionality of these receptors has not been tested. The fibrous astrocytes that popula

• br Declaration of interest br Acknowledgments This work

  2022-04-18

  

  Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471615), the Introduction of Talent Research Start-up Fund of Anhui Polytechnic University (No. 2017YQQ017) and the Pre-research Project of National Natural Sc

• Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased hepatic Fgf expressio

  2022-04-18

  

  Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased hepatic Fgf21 expression and circulating FGF21 levels. Previous studies by other investigators demonstrated that neutralization of circulating FGF21 with specific retinoic acid receptor impairs glucose control in these mice [6]. In addition, the FGF21 analog L

• It was previously proposed that

  2022-04-18

  

  It was previously proposed that glucagon acts in the liver, in which a signal is produced and relayed to the proton pump inhibitors list via vagal nerves [8], [36], [37]. The concept that the liver is the primary target site was supported by the studies reporting that the glucagon receptor is local

• PF-4708671 receptor Heart failure affects approximately mill

  2022-04-18

  

  Heart failure affects approximately 6.5 million people over 20 years of age in the United States, with its prevalence estimated to increase about 45% by 2030 to almost 8 million . It is a chronic disease with complex etiology and heterogeneity in its pathological manifestations. Major risk factors f

• Gli signaling pathways play critical roles in

  2022-04-18

  

  Gli signaling pathways play critical roles in embryonic and postnatal lung development [22]. Many reports suggest that wound healing and fibrotic diseases involve activation of pathways used during development [23]. In the adult lung, Gli signaling activity measured by Gli1 expression is restricted

• For the two KO models CX

  2022-04-18

  

  For the two KO models (CX30 and CX43), fluorescence recovery is almost always best fitted with a 2-component exponential (Fig. 6A and D). Statistical analysis of the parameters (Table 1) shows that in both cases the two time scales and the fraction of recovery associated with the fast intracellular

• Until recently the mechanism of how GSMs shifted secretase

  2022-04-18

  

  Until recently the mechanism of how GSMs shifted γ-secretase cleavage was poorly understood. Today, building on the sequential cleavage model developed by Ihara and colleagues [14], there is evidence that GSMs act as processivity enhancers, and iGSMs as inhibitors of processivity [120]. At least for

• Somatostatin analogues are among the

  2022-04-18

  

  Somatostatin analogues are among the first peptide-based drugs used in cancer imaging and therapy (for review see Reubi, 2003). Treatment of tumors by the use of peptide analogues labeled with cytotoxic agents acting via specific receptors is also under investigation for neuropeptide Y (Koglin and B

• These observations are of particular interest in the context

  2022-04-18

  

  These observations are of particular interest in the context of recent conceptual changes regarding the mechanisms by which different types of leukocytes contribute to atherogenesis. Over the last decade, the paradigm of the predominant circulatory origin of lesional macrophages has been challenged

• Acquiring resistance to the FGFR inhibitor may determine tre

  2022-04-18

  

  Acquiring resistance to the FGFR inhibitor may determine treatment outcomes in patients with GC dependent on FGFR2 amplification, and we investigated the mechanism of AZD4547 resistance in FGFR2-amplified GC cells. We established a FGFR2-amplified GC cell line resistant to the selective FGFR inhibit

• br Introduction GPR also known as free fatty acid

  2022-04-18

  

  Introduction GPR40 (also known as free fatty Sodium Aescinate receptor 1), a member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, is expressed in pancreatic beta cells, intestine and the central nervous system (Bekinschtein et al., 2008; Itoh et al., 2003). It is activated by medium- and long

• Valproic acid br Results br Discussion Impaired BBB function

  2022-04-16

  

  Results Discussion Impaired BBB functions evoke vasogenic edema, which elevates intracranial pressure and leads to a life-threatening condition (Sperk, 1994, Unterberg et al., 2004, Simard et al., 2007). In addition, vasogenic edema formation results in the worsen consequence contributing to p

• glibenclamide The progression of HIV varies from patient

  2022-04-16

  

  The progression of HIV varies from patient to patient, with some who progress slowly and others who progress much faster. However, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts are intimately linked in those that are able to suppress the HIV infection (Walker et al., 1986; Saez-Aninon et al., 2007). Depletion of these

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