• In addition unconventional mechanisms of internalization can

  2024-06-12

  

  In addition, unconventional mechanisms of internalization cannot be ignored. It is generally believed that the conventional homologous internalization of a GPCR depends on the activation of G proteins, since GRK activation requires the pre-activation of G proteins (Fig. 2). Feng et al. demonstrated

• br Prostate cancer and resistance to AR targeting treatment

  2024-06-12

  

  Prostate cancer and resistance to AR targeting treatment The AR plays a pivotal role in the development, differentiation, homeostasis and secretory function of the normal prostate (Wilson, 2011). The AR is also a key player in many phases of prostate carcinogenesis (Huggins et al., 1941, Scher an

• amprenavir br Acknowledgments br Introduction Alzheimer

  2024-06-12

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the elderly population. Senile plaques in the brain, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD, are formed by the accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) with an extensive β-sheet s

• br LO synaptic integrity and memory

  2024-06-12

  

  12/15LO, synaptic integrity, and memory Interestingly, several groups have found that 12/15LO directly modulates synaptic function. Normandin and colleagues reported that pharmacological inhibition of 12/15LO modulates rat hippocampal long-term depression (LTD), a process by which neuronal synapt

• Aberrant lipid levels are associated

  2024-06-12

  

  Aberrant lipid levels are associated with various disorders, including vascular diseases and diabetes. Furthermore, important events support the idea that lipids, especially cholesterol and its derivatives, have a fundamental role in the physiopathology of AD. The GNF 2 is rich in cholesterol, and

• br Materials and methods br

  2024-06-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Knowledge of the molecular basis of an inherited genetic disease is crucial for understanding the disease pathology and, ultimately, for therapeutic design. Several recent reports have stressed the need for physical characterization of disease-associ

• To investigate the potential link between G and

  2024-06-11

  

  To investigate the potential link between Gβγ and MT assembly in vivo, cultured NIH3T3 and PC12 cells were used. The role of Gβγ in MT assembly was demonstrated using nocodazole, a MT depolymerizing drug [14]. We found that Gβγ was preferentially bound to MTs in NIH3T3 and PC12 cells and treatment w

• Introduction Pyometra is relatively common in

  2024-06-11

  

  Introduction Pyometra is relatively common in intact bitches and its diagnosis is aided by ultrasonography (Bigliardi et al., 2004), along with measurement of acute phase proteins and leucocyte (white blood cell, WBC) counts; assessment of these parameters during recovery may be helpful for monitor

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments

  2024-06-11

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments Introduction Inflammation is a protective response of the microcirculation to harmful stimuli. Yet, excessive inflammation is potentially harmful and a characteristic of many chronic diseases [1]. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO, EC1.13.11.34) contributes to the in

• br Conflict of interest br

  2024-06-11

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We thank Ann Jackman, Mike Ormerod and members of Julian Downward's and Alan Ashworth's groups for helpful discussions. This work was supported by grant number PEM/GME/D391/40 from the Kidani Trust (S. Kaye) and by Keele University. Introduction Autota

• Several approved and or experimental drugs together with nat

  2024-06-11

  

  Several approved and/or experimental drugs, together with natural compounds, have been reported to induce autophagy in different cancer types [70], [71], [72] (Table 1). In the next paragraphs, we will review more in detail a group of these agents selected in relation to their promising future outco

• br Acknowledgment br Introduction The yeast Cdc

  2024-06-11

  

  Acknowledgment Introduction The yeast Cdc48 ATPase and its metazoan ortholog p97 (or VCP) are critical components of many ubiquitin-dependent cellular pathways that require the segregation of individual proteins from binding partners or membranes (for review, see Buchberger, 2013, Meyer and We

• Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key enzymes that catalyz

  2024-06-11

  

  Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic Crystal Violet (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells and other cells (Claesso

• FTI 277 HCl In response to DSB the lesion

  2024-06-11

  

  In response to DSB, the lesion recognition factor Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex helps the recruitment of ATM to the damage site and its activation by phosphorylation [29]. However, whether UV-damage recognition factors directly influence ATR and ATM recruitment and their phosphorylation is not clea

• br ASK in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis Multiple scl

  2024-06-08

  

  ASK1 in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is the most common neurological disease among young adults in the United States and Europe (Dutta and Trapp, 2011). Although MS primarily affect

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